Scientific Name: Dalbergia nigra (Brazilian Rosewood), Dalbergia latifolia (Indian Rosewood), Dalbergia melanoxylon (African Blackwood)
Origin: Found in South America, India, and Africa, depending on the species. Brazilian Rosewood is native to Brazil, Indian Rosewood comes from the Indian subcontinent, and African Blackwood is primarily found in East Africa.
CITES Status: Most Dalbergia species, including Brazilian and Indian Rosewood, are listed under CITES Appendix II, with Brazilian Rosewood under Appendix I (strictly regulated trade).
Use in Guitar Making
Rosewood is one of the most sought-after tonewoods, commonly used for acoustic guitar backs and sides, fingerboards, and bridges. It has been a staple in both classical and steel-string guitars for centuries due to its rich tonal properties and durability. Brazilian Rosewood, in particular, has been historically revered for high-end instruments but is now heavily restricted.
Tonal Properties
Rosewood is known for its deep bass response, complex overtones, and smooth sustain. Indian Rosewood has a balanced tonal profile with pronounced warmth, while Brazilian Rosewood is highly resonant with shimmering highs and rich lows. African Blackwood, sometimes considered a rosewood substitute, is even denser and produces a highly articulate sound.
Hardness and Workability
Janka Hardness Rating: 2,700 lbf (12,000 N) for Brazilian Rosewood, 1,780 lbf (7,900 N) for Indian Rosewood, 3,080 lbf (13,700 N) for African Blackwood
Rosewood is a dense and oily wood, making it difficult to glue and sometimes challenging to work with. Sharp tools are required to prevent tear-out, and finishing often requires extra preparation due to its natural oils.
Grain Structure and Porosity
Rosewood typically has a straight to slightly interlocked grain with a fine to medium texture. It has an open grain structure, requiring grain filling for a smooth finish. The striking figure and deep coloration of rosewood contribute to its aesthetic appeal.
Sustainability and Ethical Considerations
Due to its high demand and overharvesting, Brazilian Rosewood is listed under CITES Appendix I, severely restricting its trade. Indian Rosewood, while still available, is under CITES Appendix II, requiring permits for export. Many manufacturers have shifted to alternative woods or sustainable plantation-grown sources to comply with regulations.
Rosewood remains a benchmark tonewood in guitar making, valued for its tonal richness and visual appeal. However, its use is now largely dependent on ethical sourcing and compliance with international trade laws.
